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Birinus
Birinus (c. 600 – 649), venerated as a saint, was the first Bishop of Dorchester,〔Powicke, 1961, page 219〕 and the "Apostle to the West Saxons" for his conversion of the Kingdom of Wessex to Christianity.
==Life and ministry==
After Augustine of Canterbury performed initial conversions in England, Birinus, a Frank, came to the kingdoms of Wessex in 634,〔Walsh, 2007, page 102〕 landing at the port of "Hamwic", now in the St. Mary's area of Southampton. During Birinus's brief time at Hamwic, St. Mary's Church was founded.〔Coles, 1981, page 6〕
Birinus had been made bishop by Asterius in Genoa,〔Bede, 1969, 3.7〕 and Pope Honorius I created the commission to convert the West Saxons.〔Kirby, 2000, page 38〕 In 635, he persuaded the West Saxon king Cynegils to allow him to preach. Cynegils was trying to create an alliance with Oswald of Northumbria, with whom he intended to fight the Mercians. At the final talks between kings, the sticking point was that Oswald, being a Christian, would not ally himself with a heathen. Cynegils then converted and was baptized.〔(Patron Saints Index: Birinus )〕 He gave Birinus Dorchester-on-Thames for his episcopal see.〔 Birinus's original commission entailed preaching to parts of Britain where no missionary efforts had reached, and may have included instructions to reach the Mercians. But he ultimately remained in the West Saxon kingdom (Wessex).〔Kirby, 2000, page 51〕
Birinus is said to have been very active in establishing churches in Wessex.〔 After Cynegils' death, the new king, Cenwalh, established a church at Winchester,〔Kirby, 2000, page 45〕 perhaps under Birinus' direction. He also supposedly laid the foundations for St. Mary's in Reading, Saint Helen's in Abingdon and other churches such as the church of St Peter and St Paul, Checkendon near Reading.〔("History of St Peter & St Paul, Checkendon" at langtree.org )〕 Tradition has it that Birinus built the first church at Ipsden, as a small chapel on Berins Hill, about two miles east of the present church.〔("History of St Mary the Virgin, Ipsden" at langtree.org )〕 According to the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', Birinus baptised Cynegils's son Cwichelm (d. 636)〔''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', an. 636〕 and grandson Cuthred (d. 661), to whom he stood as godfather.〔''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', an. 639〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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